These bearings are equipped with tapered rollers (the large end is spherical), and the rollers are accurately guided by the raceway ring (shaft ring, housing ring) flange.
The design is such that the vertices of the raceway surfaces of the shaft and housing rings and the cone surfaces of the roller rolling surfaces intersect at a point on the bearing centerline.
One-way bearings can withstand one-way axial loads.
Two-way bearings can withstand two-way axial loads.
Two-way bearings match the center ring to the shaft, but since the clearance fit is used, the center ring must be positioned axially with a bushing, etc.
The main uses of this type of bearing are:
One-way: crane hook, oil rig swivel.
Bi-directional: rolling mill roll neck.